檢測(cè)方法

　　Testing method

　　直線(xiàn)度檢測(cè)：常用的直線(xiàn)度檢測(cè)方法有拉鋼絲法、激光準(zhǔn)直儀法等。拉鋼絲法是通過(guò)在導(dǎo)軌兩端拉一根細(xì)鋼絲，然后使用千分表在導(dǎo)軌上移動(dòng)，測(cè)量鋼絲與導(dǎo)軌之間的距離變化，從而判斷導(dǎo)軌的直線(xiàn)度誤差。激光準(zhǔn)直儀法則利用激光的高準(zhǔn)直性，通過(guò)測(cè)量激光束與導(dǎo)軌的偏差，精確檢測(cè)直線(xiàn)度。

　　Straightness detection: Common straightness detection methods include wire drawing method, laser collimator method, etc. The wire pulling method is to pull a thin wire at both ends of the guide rail, and then move it on the guide rail using a dial gauge to measure the distance change between the wire and the guide rail, in order to determine the straightness error of the guide rail. The laser collimator principle utilizes the high straightness of lasers to accurately detect straightness by measuring the deviation between the laser beam and the guide rail. 

　　平行度檢測(cè)：采用千分表或百分表配合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平尺或量塊進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。將千分表固定在運(yùn)動(dòng)部件上，使其測(cè)頭與基準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)軌或平尺表面接觸，然后移動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)部件，讀取千分表的讀數(shù)變化，以此確定導(dǎo)軌之間的平行度誤差。

　　Parallelism testing: Use a micrometer or dial gauge in conjunction with a standard ruler or measuring block for testing. Fix the dial gauge on the moving part so that its measuring head is in contact with the surface of the reference rail or ruler, then move the moving part and read the reading change of the dial gauge to determine the parallelism error between the rails. 

　　垂直度檢測(cè)：使用直角尺、垂直度測(cè)量?jī)x等工具進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。將直角尺或垂直度測(cè)量?jī)x放置在導(dǎo)軌與相關(guān)部件之間，通過(guò)測(cè)量?jī)烧咧g的間隙或角度偏差，判斷垂直度是否符合要求。

　　Verticality detection: Use tools such as a square ruler and verticality measuring instrument for detection. Place a ruler or verticality measuring instrument between the guide rail and related components, and determine whether the verticality meets the requirements by measuring the gap or angle deviation between the two. 

　　表面粗糙度檢測(cè)：可采用觸針式粗糙度測(cè)量?jī)x或光學(xué)顯微鏡等設(shè)備進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。觸針式粗糙度測(cè)量?jī)x通過(guò)觸針在導(dǎo)軌表面移動(dòng)，測(cè)量表面微觀輪廓的起伏，從而得出表面粗糙度數(shù)值；光學(xué)顯微鏡則通過(guò)觀察導(dǎo)軌表面的微觀形貌，對(duì)表面粗糙度進(jìn)行定性和定量分析。

　　Surface roughness detection: It can be carried out using equipment such as a stylus roughness measuring instrument or an optical microscope. The stylus roughness measuring instrument measures the roughness value of the surface by moving the stylus on the surface of the guide rail, measuring the roughness of the micro profile of the surface; The optical microscope qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the surface roughness by observing the microstructure of the guide rail surface. 

　　評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　Evaluation criteria

　　不同行業(yè)和應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景對(duì)導(dǎo)軌運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)度的評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有所差異。在機(jī)床制造行業(yè)，一般要求導(dǎo)軌的直線(xiàn)度誤差在每米 0.01 - 0.03 毫米之間，平行度誤差不超過(guò) 0.02 毫米；電梯行業(yè)中，導(dǎo)軌的垂直度誤差每 5 米不應(yīng)超過(guò) 1 毫米，直線(xiàn)度誤差每米不超過(guò) 0.05 毫米。此外，對(duì)于高精度的自動(dòng)化設(shè)備，對(duì)導(dǎo)軌的各項(xiàng)精度指標(biāo)要求更為嚴(yán)格。這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是根據(jù)設(shè)備的功能需求、運(yùn)行性能和要求制定的，確保導(dǎo)軌在實(shí)際使用中能夠滿(mǎn)足設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行和精度要求。

　　The evaluation criteria for the smoothness of guide rail operation vary among different industries and application scenarios. In the machine tool manufacturing industry, it is generally required that the straightness error of the guide rail be between 0.01-0.03 millimeters per meter, and the parallelism error not exceed 0.02 millimeters; In the elevator industry, the verticality error of the guide rail should not exceed 1 millimeter per 5 meters, and the straightness error should not exceed 0.05 millimeters per meter. In addition, for high-precision automation equipment, the requirements for various precision indicators of the guide rail are more stringent. These standards are formulated based on the functional requirements, operational performance, and safety requirements of the equipment, ensuring that the guide rail can meet the normal operation and accuracy requirements of the equipment in actual use.

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